Cleaning wastewater effluent is an important aspect of water pollution control efforts. The primary treatment includes screening, grit removal and sedimentation.
The secondary or biological treatment consists of a trickling filter, activated sludge process or extended aeration process like aerated lagoons or oxidation ditches. A natural self-purification process using algae-bacterial symbiosis is referred to as stabilization pond. More recently, a device known as Rotating Biological Contactor has been developed as a low-cost wastewater treatment system.
Tertiary or advance treatment includes the removal of suspended solids, dissolved organic compounds and dissolved inorganic plant nutrients and minerals. Microstraining, precipitation, adsorption, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and chlorination are some of the processes in this category. A dissolved air floatation unit has been developed for removal of some of the suspended and dissolved impurities in water.
Wastewater Treatment
Raw sewage includes waste from sinks, toilets, and industrial processes. Treatment of the sewage is required before it can be safely buried, used, or released back into local water systems. In a treatment plant, the waste is passed through a series of screens, chambers, and chemical processes to reduce its bulk and toxicity. The three general phases of treatment are primary, secondary, and tertiary. During primary treatment, a large percentage of the suspended solids and inorganic material is removed from the sewage. The focus of secondary treatment is reducing organic material by accelerating natural biological processes. Tertiary treatment is necessary when the water will be reused; 99 percent of solids are removed and various chemical processes are used to ensure the water is as free from impurity as possible.
Hydrology ProjectThe project is funded by the World Bank and the Netherlands Government . The project covers Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The beneficiaries are Central and State government organisations - Central Water Commission (CWC), Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), State Surface Water Department (SSWD), State Ground Water Department (SGWD), State Ground Water Survey and Investigation (SGWSI), Ground Water Survey and Development Agency (GSDA) and Water Resources Department (WRD) under the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. The objectives of the project are to develop a comprehensive, easily accessible and user-friendly data bases covering all aspects of hydrological cycle including surface and ground water in terms of quantity, quality and climatic measurements, particularly of rainfall, through a network of a total of about 299 laboratories. This would assist in the development of more reliable and specifically intensive data on water resources and making information available for planning and management of water resources. The goal is to be achieved by improving institutional and organisational arrangements, technical capabilities and physical facilities available for collection, processing and exchange of hydrological, hydro-geological and hydro-meteorological data
The secondary or biological treatment consists of a trickling filter, activated sludge process or extended aeration process like aerated lagoons or oxidation ditches. A natural self-purification process using algae-bacterial symbiosis is referred to as stabilization pond. More recently, a device known as Rotating Biological Contactor has been developed as a low-cost wastewater treatment system.
Tertiary or advance treatment includes the removal of suspended solids, dissolved organic compounds and dissolved inorganic plant nutrients and minerals. Microstraining, precipitation, adsorption, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and chlorination are some of the processes in this category. A dissolved air floatation unit has been developed for removal of some of the suspended and dissolved impurities in water.
Wastewater Treatment
Raw sewage includes waste from sinks, toilets, and industrial processes. Treatment of the sewage is required before it can be safely buried, used, or released back into local water systems. In a treatment plant, the waste is passed through a series of screens, chambers, and chemical processes to reduce its bulk and toxicity. The three general phases of treatment are primary, secondary, and tertiary. During primary treatment, a large percentage of the suspended solids and inorganic material is removed from the sewage. The focus of secondary treatment is reducing organic material by accelerating natural biological processes. Tertiary treatment is necessary when the water will be reused; 99 percent of solids are removed and various chemical processes are used to ensure the water is as free from impurity as possible.
Hydrology ProjectThe project is funded by the World Bank and the Netherlands Government . The project covers Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The beneficiaries are Central and State government organisations - Central Water Commission (CWC), Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), State Surface Water Department (SSWD), State Ground Water Department (SGWD), State Ground Water Survey and Investigation (SGWSI), Ground Water Survey and Development Agency (GSDA) and Water Resources Department (WRD) under the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. The objectives of the project are to develop a comprehensive, easily accessible and user-friendly data bases covering all aspects of hydrological cycle including surface and ground water in terms of quantity, quality and climatic measurements, particularly of rainfall, through a network of a total of about 299 laboratories. This would assist in the development of more reliable and specifically intensive data on water resources and making information available for planning and management of water resources. The goal is to be achieved by improving institutional and organisational arrangements, technical capabilities and physical facilities available for collection, processing and exchange of hydrological, hydro-geological and hydro-meteorological data
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